Karate history
In the 6th century karate was said to be established when an Asian Buddhist monk travelled to China to set up a Zen school of Buddhism. Karate was practiced in secret and farming instruments were used as weapons to protect themselves from invaders.

Shotokan-ryu is a school of karate , developed from various martial arts by Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957) and his son Yoshitaka Funakoshi(1906–1945). Gichin Funakoshi is widely recognized as having brought karate from Okinawa to mainland Japan, although Kenwa Mabuni, Choki Motobu, and other Okinawan karate masters were actively teaching karate in Japan prior to this point. Shōtō ("pine waves") was Funakoshi's pen-name,  while kan means "house." Hence, shōtō-kan was the name of the hall where Funakoshi trained his students.
Shotokan training is usually divided into three parts:

kihon (basics)
kata (forms or patterns of moves)
kumite (sparring).

Techniques in kihon and kata are characterized by deep, long stances that provide stability, enable powerful movements, and strengthen the legs. Strength and power are often demonstrated instead of slower, more flowing motions. Kumite techniques mirror these stances and movements at a basic level, but progress to being more flexible with greater experience.
Funakoshi reportedly found traditional martial arts (e.g. sumo, jujutsu and kenjutsu) to be too focused on combat; he emphasised health, breathing, release of energy, and concentrated mind- and body-control.